The lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) has a place with the family Sapindaceae and sub-family Nepheleae. It is a standout amongst the most essential sub-tropical evergreen organic product trees which develop well in Bangladesh. Another individual from the sub-family "Anshphal" (Euphoria longana Lam.) additionally develops in Bangladesh, for the most part in patios. It bears longan sort yet little measured products of minimal business esteem.
Lychee is a profoundly valued, prevalent and significant table natural product in Bangladesh. It comes to advertise in the months of May-June when the business sector is loaded with other crisp natural products, especially mango and jackfruit. Be that as it may, regardless of the accessibility of distinctive sorts of natural product in the business sector the interest for new lychee is dependably high because of its novel taste, flavor and shading. The supply of lychee is lacking and its accessibility is just for around 60 days. Brilliant products of tip top cultivars like "Bedana" and 'China-3' are hard to find because of their exceptionally constrained region scope. The normal per hectare yield of lychee is around 2.5 MT, which is additionally low in correlation to different nations.
No legitimate documentation on the historical backdrop of development of lychee in Bangladesh is accessible. On the other hand, it is trusted that lychee originated from Burma to Bangladesh at some point in the mid nineteenth century. Chinese assortments alongside Indian cultivars like Mujaffarpuri and Bombai Litchi were presented in the mid twentieth century from West Bengal through the endeavors of nurserymen and plant beaus. Lychee is for the most part developed in the patio (2-3 plants), or in little plantations (15-20 plants) nearby the estates.
2. Current Situation Of Lychee Cultivation:
Lychee becomes all over Bangladesh however the principle zones of development are Jessore, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Dinajpur, Khulna, Dhaka, Kushtia, Sylhet and Chittagong regions. Lychee was found to develop well in the Government agriculture focuses of three slope regions in particular: Rangamati, Khagrachari and Bandarban furthermore in Jamalpur, Rajbari, Meherpur, Chapainawabgonj and Comilla.
The extension of the lychee territory in these locale is generally ease back because of high death rate of youthful lychee plants. The vast majority of the cultivators and also augmentation operators don't have the required information and expertise in lychee development as a consequence of which intrigued agriculturists all the time neglect to build up new plantations. At present the aggregate territory under lychee development is around 4,800 hectares and aggregate yearly generation is around 12,800 MT.
3. Varieties:
Bedana Litchi
Bombai is the most seasoned high yielding assortment in the nation, despite the fact that there are various cultivars developing in diverse regions of Bangladesh. These are Rajshahi, Madrajie, Mongalbari, Kadmi, and Kalipuri. Muzaffarpuri, Bedana and China-3. Bedana and China-3, presented in the 1950s, are currently developed effectively in diverse parts of Bangladesh. Likewise there are numerous anonymous area races, the vast majority of which are harsh in taste with low pulp:stone proportion. The products of cultivars like Bedana, China-3, and Rajshahi nearby contain more eatable part, with great mash. The organic product size in these assortments is greater with alluring skin shading. Bedana is viewed as the best assortment yet gives the poorest yield. Normal yield per plant is around 3,000 natural products. The assortment is limited to the Dinajpur region, northwest Bangladesh, which falls in agro-natural zone-1. As of late three assortments, in particular: BARI Lichu-1, BARI Lichu-2 and BARI lichu-3 were discharged by the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) for ranchers reception. Among the discharged assortments BARI Lichu-3 is viewed as the best in admiration of organic product size, mash, shading and yield. The assortment nearly looks like China-3 assortment.
The boss attributes of critical lychee cultivars are given in the accompanying table.
Table 2. Remarkable elements of vital lychee cultivars of Bangladesh.
Assortment :
Remarkable elements
Bombai
Most generally developed and great yielding assortment of Bangladesh. The trees accomplish a normal tallness of 6 m and bear natural products consistently. It is an early assortment, natural products for the most part develop in the second week of May. Organic products are for the most part heart formed, carmine red in shading and every natural product has another minor immature organic product connected to the natural product stalk. Normal weight of the organic product is 18-20 g. Mash is delicate, delicious and sweet. TSS 17-18 percent, seed huge, pulp:seed proportion 5:1.
Muzaffarpuri
The assortment was brought from India and predominantly developed in the northwestern locale of Bangladesh. The trees are medium in force and accomplish a normal tallness of 5 m. The organic products are pink in shading, oval molded and develop in the second week of May. Normal weight of organic product is 20 g, mash is long and sweet. TSS 17-18 percent, seed enormous, pulp:seed proportion 4.75:1.
Bedana
This assortment is viewed as the best assortment in Bangladesh. The trees of this assortment are medium in tallness (around 5 m) and spread of 6 m and general conveyor. The organic products are for the most part globose fit as a fiddle, splendid red in shading and develop in the second week of June. Normal weight of natural product is 25-28 g., mash is smooth white and delicate, succulent, TSS 18-19 percent, seed little and contracted, pulp:seed proportion 28:1
China-3
One of the best assortments developed in Bangladesh. The trees achieve a normal tallness of 5 to 6 m with generally littler takes off. Bearing is consistent if legitimate administration and consideration is taken, else they demonstrate an unpredictable bearing propensity. This is a late assortment and organic products age in the most recent week of June. Organic products are globose, with a blend of red, orange and patches of green shading. Normal weight of natural product is 25 g. Mash is velvety white, delicate and delicious. TSS 18 percent, seed little, pulp:seed proportion 15:1.
4. Production of Planting Materials:
Lychee may be proliferated both by seed and by vegetative means. In Bangladesh air layering is the most widely recognized and mainstream technique for proliferation of lychee. In this technique a ring of bark around 2.5 cm to 3 cm long is expelled from one year old twigs. By and large the terminal branch which is chosen for air layering is 60 cm to 75 cm long. In a few ranges ranchers incline toward 2-3 year old and 1 m long branches for engendering. In the wake of evacuating the bark the uncovered wood and the cut surface is secured with an establishing media comprising of clayey soil blended with sand and natural compost (spoiled cowdung). A bit of polythene or jute fabric of advantageous size is wrapped around the establishing media and tied at both closures with fine twine. In around 2 months adequate roots are shaped at the upper end of the ring. The established layer is then separated from the mother plant by giving it a sharp cut beneath the lower end of the ring, ideally in 2-3 stages. A solitary cut operation at times results in high mortality of the layers. Abundance branches and leaves ought to be evacuated to bring an appropriate harmony between the top and root framework. This helps in speedy foundation of roots and low death rate of the layers. The established layers are then kept.
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